Created by Ian Clarke in 1999, the project soon evolved to become Freenet - a platform of free speech online. The original intent was to create a decentralized peer-to-peer file-sharing program. The origins of the dark web started in the form of a student’s final project at the University of Edinburgh. All dark web sites are hosted through the dark net and nearly all traffic is encrypted. Accessing them without these special tools is impossible. Unlike content on the surface web, they require special programs or technologies to access, and these will often hide the visitors' IP addresses from the website as well. The dark web is a part of the internet that consists of websites that hide their IP addresses from the wider web.
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